Visual Timeline of Development Studies Thinkers and Theoretical Paths

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PELAKITA.ID – Visual Timeline of Development Studies Thinkers & Theoretical Paths

Pre-20th Century: Classical Foundations (1700s–1800s)

  • Adam Smith (1723–1790) – Free markets, self-interest, Wealth of Nations
  • David Ricardo (1772–1823) – Comparative advantage, trade theory
  • Thomas Malthus (1766–1834) – Population vs. food supply
  • Karl Marx (1818–1883) – Historical materialism, class conflict
  • John Stuart Mill (1806–1873) – Liberty, welfare economics

Mid-20th Century: Modernization & Early Development Theory (1940s–60s)

  • Walt W. Rostow – Stages of growth
  • Arthur Lewis – Dual-sector model
  • Gunnar Myrdal – Circular causation, planning
  • Max Weber (influence) – Protestant ethic, modernization

1960s–1980s: Structuralism & Dependency Theory

  • Raúl Prebisch – Center-periphery, ISI
  • Andre Gunder Frank – Development of underdevelopment
  • Immanuel Wallerstein – World-Systems Theory
  • Paul Baran – Monopoly capitalism
  • Samir Amin – Delinking, peripheral capitalism

1970s–1990s: Postcolonial, Critical & Participatory Approaches

  • Edward Said – Orientalism, colonial discourse
  • Frantz Fanon – Decolonization, identity
  • Gayatri Spivak – Subaltern studies
  • Arturo Escobar – Development as discourse
  • Robert Chambers – Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)

1980s–2000s: Human Development & Sustainability

  • Amartya Sen – Capability approach, Development as Freedom
  • Martha Nussbaum – Human dignity and essential capabilities
  • Mahbub ul Haq – Human Development Index (HDI)
  • Elinor Ostrom – Commons governance
  • Herman Daly – Steady-state economy, ecological economics

2000s–Present: Post-Growth, Inequality & New Economics

  • Ha-Joon Chang – Critique of neoliberalism
  • Dani Rodrik – Globalization paradox
  • Jason Hickel – Degrowth, global inequality
  • Thomas Piketty – Inequality of capital
  • Kate Raworth – Doughnut economics
  • Esther Duflo & Abhijit Banerjee – RCTs, evidence-based policy

Cross-Cutting Influences & Interdisciplinary Thinkers

  • David Harvey – Urbanization and neoliberalism
  • Pierre Bourdieu – Social reproduction, capital forms
  • Achille Mbembe – Necropolitics, postcolonial African studies